Tsopano pali magalimoto oyaka moto ochulukirapo pamsika, chassis ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la galimoto yozimitsa moto, kotero kuti galimoto yabwino ndiyofunika kwambiri.Posankha, tikhoza kufananiza ndi kusanthula zinthu zotsatirazi kuti tisankhe galimoto yoyenera yamoto .
1. Chassis power unit
1. Kusankha mtundu wa unit mphamvu
Mphamvu zamagalimoto zimaphatikizapo injini ya dizilo, injini yamafuta, mota yamagetsi (kuphatikiza mphamvu zina zatsopano) ndi zina zotero.Chifukwa cha chikoka cha zinthu monga moyo wa batri, magetsi oyendetsa magetsi sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'magalimoto oyaka moto (makamaka magalimoto oyaka moto omwe amayendetsa zida zamphamvu zozimitsa moto), koma sizikulamulidwa kuti azidziwika ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda. za magalimoto ozimitsa moto omwe ali ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo posachedwapa.
Pakadali pano, chopangira magetsi chagalimoto yozimitsa moto akadali injini yamafuta yamafuta ndi dizilo.Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kusiyana maganizo ngati galimoto yozimitsa moto iyenera kukonda injini ya petulo kapena injini ya dizilo.M'malingaliro anga, tiyenera kupanga chisankho potengera mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito injini zamafuta ndi injini za dizilo, malinga ndi cholinga, kugwiritsa ntchito, kukonza ndi kuyang'anira magalimoto osiyanasiyana amoto, komanso ubwino ndi kuipa kwake.
Choyamba, pamene mphamvu zonse zomwe galimoto yozimitsa moto imafunikira kuyendetsa ndikuyendetsa zida zozimitsa moto ndi zazikulu, palibe kukayikira kuti injini ya dizilo iyenera kusankhidwa, monga galimoto yamoto yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito injini ya chassis kuyendetsa pakati ndi mapampu ozimitsa moto olemera, majenereta amphamvu kwambiri, ndi makina akulu ama hydraulic.Kapena magalimoto ozimitsa moto okhala ndi unyinji wokulirapo amagwiritsira ntchito injini za dizilo, monga zozimitsa moto zolemera matani oposa 10.
Ndipo galimoto zozimitsa moto zolemera pang’ono, monga zolemera matani osakwana 5, zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito injini zamafuta.Kuphatikiza pa kuyendetsa galimoto zozimitsa moto, injiniyo imayendetsanso zida zozimitsa moto, kapena poyendetsa zida zozimitsa moto ndi mphamvu zochepa, injini zamafuta zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga magalimoto oyendera moto, magalimoto ozimitsa moto, magalimoto ozimitsa moto odziwika bwino, komanso moto wamagetsi ammudzi. magalimoto.
Ma injini a dizilo ali ndi maubwino angapo: kuphimba mphamvu zambiri, torque yayikulu, zida zamagetsi zochepa (zokhala ndi zolakwika zochepa zamagetsi), komanso kusamva kuyenda.
M'malo mwake, injini za petulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yothamangitsira, zomwe zimakhala zoyenera makamaka pamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati omwe amafunikira kuyankha mwachangu potumiza koyamba.Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi injini za dizilo zomwe zimasamutsidwa chimodzimodzi, mphamvu yotulutsa pa kilowatt ndi yopepuka kuposa kulemera kwake, koma pali zida zambiri zamagetsi, kukonza zovuta, ndipo zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuyendetsa wading.
Choncho, awiriwa ali ndi zofunikira zawo ndipo akhoza kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni.
2. Kusankhidwa kwa injini yovotera mphamvu ndi liwiro lake
Monga injini yamoto, payenera kukhala malire malinga ndi liwiro ndi mphamvu.Malinga ndi zaka zambiri pakupanga, kuyesa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto oyaka moto, komanso malingaliro a akale akunja, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti pampu yamadzi ikagwira ntchito pansi pamikhalidwe yovomerezeka, mphamvu yokokedwa ndi injiniyo imakhala pafupifupi 70% ya mphamvu pazipita pa liwiro ili pa makhalidwe kunja injini;Pansi pazigawo zogwiritsira ntchito, kuthamanga kwa injini yogwiritsidwa ntchito sikuyenera kupitirira 75-80% ya liwiro la injini.
Posankha mphamvu ya injini ya chassis, mphamvu yeniyeni ya galimoto yamoto iyeneranso kuganiziridwa.
Mphamvu ya injini imakhudzananso ndi liwiro lapamwamba komanso nthawi yothamangitsa chassis, zomwe zonse zimaperekedwa ndi ogulitsa chassis.
Chachiwiri, kusankha misa yonse ya chassis
Posankha unyinji wonse wa chassis, makamaka zimachokera pakukweza kwa galimoto yozimitsa moto.Poganizira kuti chassis ndi yolemetsa ndipo misa yake ndi yofanana, chassis yokhala ndi chotchinga chopepuka imayikidwa patsogolo.Makamaka, galimoto yamoto yamoto imakhala ndi madzi ambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa galimotoyo kumakhala pafupi ndi misa yonse yomwe imaloledwa ndi galimotoyo.Musaiwale kulemera kwa zida ndi zida zopangira powerengera.
3. Kusankhidwa kwa Chassis Wheelbase
1. Wheelbase imagwirizana ndi kachilombo kake
Zimafunika kuti katundu wa axle wa galimoto yozimitsa moto asapitirire kuchuluka kwa axle omwe amaloledwa ndi chilengezo cha fakitale ya chassis, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kagawo kakang'ono ka galimoto yozimitsa moto chiyenera kukhala chogwirizana ndi chiŵerengero cha kugawa kwa axle chofotokozedwa ndi chassis. .
M'makonzedwe enieni a mankhwalawo, kuwonjezera pakusintha momveka bwino magulu osiyanasiyana a thupi lakumwamba kuti apeze kugawa koyenera kwa axle katundu, kusankha koyenera kwa wheelbase ya chassis n'kofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale kugawa kwa axle katundu.Pamene kuchuluka kwa galimoto yamoto ndi malo apakati pa misa kumatsimikiziridwa, katundu wa axle wa axle iliyonse akhoza kugawidwa moyenerera ndi wheelbase.
2. Wheelbase imagwirizana ndi kukula kwake kwagalimoto
Kuphatikiza pa kutsimikizira zofunikira za katundu wa axle, kusankha kwa wheelbase kumafunikanso kuganizira momwe thupi limapangidwira komanso kukula kwa ndondomeko ya galimoto yamoto.Kutalika kwa galimoto yonse kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi wheelbase.Kutalika kwa galimoto yonse kumapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo monga kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo, wheelbase yapakati ndi kuyimitsidwa kumbuyo.Kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chassis (kupatulapo mfuti yakutsogolo, winchi yolumikizira, fosholo yokankhira ndi zida zina zagalimoto yonyamulira), kutalika kwakutali kwambiri kumbuyo sikuyenera kupitilira 3500mm, ndipo kuyenera kukhala kocheperako kapena kofanana ndi 65% ya wheelbase.
Chachinayi, kusankha chassis cab
Pakali pano, m’dziko langa muli anthu 9 m’gulu la anthu ozimitsa moto, kuphatikizapo msilikali mmodzi, mkulu wa asilikali ndi dalaivala mmodzi.Nthawi zonse, galimoto yozimitsa moto yoyamba kutumizidwa iyenera kukhala ndi chipinda cha ogwira ntchito.Magalimoto oyendetsa galimoto akaphatikizidwa kukhala amodzi, amatchedwa "driver's cab", ndipo magalimoto ena amakhala ndi ma driver omwe amayenderana nawo kutengera kuchuluka kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zozimitsa moto.
Magalimoto ozimitsa moto akunyumba onse amasinthidwa kuchokera ku chassis yagalimoto.Mitundu ndi mapangidwe a zipinda za ogwira ntchito ndi awa:
1. Chassis imabwera ndi kabati yoyambira yokhala ndi mipando iwiri, yomwe imatha kutenga anthu 6.
2. Konzaninso ndi kudula ndi kutalikitsa kumbuyo kwa mzere woyamba wa mzere umodzi kapena mzere umodzi wa semi-cab.Mitundu ya kanyumba ya anthu ogwira ntchito imeneyi ndiyomwe imayambitsa ambiri, koma kuchuluka kwa kusinthidwa ndi mtundu wazinthu ndizosiyana.Chitetezo ndi kudalirika kuyenera kukonzedwanso.
3. Pangani chipinda chapadera cha ogwirira ntchito kutsogolo kwa bodywork, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti chipinda chodziyimira pawokha.
Pakadali pano, palibe zinthu zambiri zamagalimoto okhala ndi mipando iwiri, ndipo zosankha sizolimba kwambiri.Ubwino ndi luso la kabati ya mizere iwiri ya chassis yomwe yatumizidwa kunja ndiyokwera kwambiri, ndipo mulingo wonse wa mizere iwiri ya chassis yapakhomo uyenera kukonzedwanso.
Pansi pazifukwa zosafunikira zapadera, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha kabati yoyambira mizere iwiri ya chassis.
Posankha chassis, thekuthekera Galimoto iyeneranso kuganiziridwa, monga bwalo la njira ya galimoto, mtengo wa galimoto, njira yolowera, njira yodutsa, kutembenuka kochepa, ndi zina zotero.Pansi pa kukumana ndi ntchito zomwezo, chassis yokhala ndi wheelbase yaifupi iyenera kusankhidwa momwe zingathere kuti akwaniritse kuyankha kwamoto mofulumira ndikukumana ndi kusinthika kwa nkhondo kumidzi, mizinda yakale, midzi ya m'midzi ndi madera ena.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-11-2022